ABSTRACT
High temperature liquid water (HTLW) has drawn increasing attention as an environmentally benign medium for organic chemical reactions, especially acid-/base-catalyzed reactions. Non-catalyzed hydrolyses of gallotannin and tara tannin in HTLW for the simultaneous preparation of gallic acid (GA) and pyrogallol (PY) are under investigation in our laboratory. In this study, the hydrolysis kinetics of gallotannin and tara tannin were determined. The reaction is indicated to be a typical consecutive first-order one in which GA has formed as a main intermediate and PY as the final product. Selective decomposition of tannin in HTLW was proved to be possible by adjusting reaction temperature and time. The present results provide an important basic data and reference for the green preparation of GA and PY.
Subject(s)
Catalysis , Hydrolysis , Kinetics , Tannins , Chemistry , TemperatureABSTRACT
In order to investigate the influencing factors of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) content in Schisandra, confirm the theory of 5-HMF deriving mainly from Schisandra processing course, and give some suggestions about the Schisandra processing method, the 5-HMF contents in decoctions of Schisandra under different heating temperature, decocting time, soaking time, processing methods and treatment with different solvents before decocting the Schisandra were measured by RP-HPLC method. The results showed that there is great difference of 5-HMF level in decoctions from differently processed Schisandra and unprocessed Schisandra; decocting time of 60 min has some effects on 5-HMF level in decoctions and there is certain quantity 5-HMF in processed Schisandra itself and very little 5-HMF in unprocessed Schisandra. Heating time, heating temperature and treating solvents all have effect on 5-HMF level in decoction of Schisandra. 5-HMF in Schisandra was mainly from processing course. Both long heating time and high heating temperature can increase 5-HMF level in Schisandra. The production of 5-HMF in Schisandra may have some relationships with some polar components, which can dissolve in water, ethanol and acetone, especially in ethanol. To control processing temperature, processing time and treatment with some solvent is very important for controlling 5-HMF level in Schisandra.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Furaldehyde , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Schisandra , Chemistry , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The coordination chemistry theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays a very important role on the research of traditional Chinese medicine. The significances of this theory applied in toxicology, pharmacology and the improvement, separation, preparation and analysis of active components in traditional Chinese medicine were summarized in this paper. The conclusions were drawn that the research on thermodynamics and dynamics of TCM coordination chemistry, the relation between existing status of microelements in TCM and toxicity or activity of TCM and the exploitation on adsorbents or chromatographic columns of high performance and high sensitivity analysis methods using the coordination effect may be the key steps in the course of modernization of TCM.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chemistry Techniques, Analytical , Methods , Chromatography , Methods , Crystallography, X-Ray , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Toxicity , Electrochemistry , Methods , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Organometallic Compounds , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Trace Elements , ChemistryABSTRACT
The origin of 5-HMF (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde) in a Shengmaiyin decoction was investigated by the RP-HPLC method below. A C(18) column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, i.d. 5 microm) with a column temperature of 25 degrees C was used. The mobile phase was a mixture of ultra-pure water-acetonitrile (95:5, V/V) and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. The injection volume was 1 microl and the running time was about 20 min. The addition of Schisandra was regulated to assess the contribution of an acid environment to the production of 5-HMF. In order to confirm the role of saccharides in the production of 5-HMF, different amount of fructose was used. The 5-HMF level in decoctions of processed and unprocessed Schisandra was investigated in order to determine the origin of 5-HMF. The results showed that 5-HMF was derived mainly from the decoction of Schisandra only and not the mixed decoction of Ophionpogon and Schisandra. The appearance of 5-HMF is not simply the result of the decomposition of saccharides under the acid environment created by Schisandra, but the processing procedure plays an important role in the production of 5-HMF.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Fructose , Metabolism , Furaldehyde , Chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Schisandra , ChemistryABSTRACT
The characteristics of On-line Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology are introduced and its applications in various industries, such as petro-chemical, pharmaceutical, agriculture and food are reviewed. Considering the features in TCM manufacturing, the application potentials of On-line Near Infrared Spectroscopy Technology in Manufacturing TCM are forecasted and the key problems to be solved are discussed.